Quais são os fundamentos do desenvolvimento web back-end? (2024)

Back-end web development is the unseen but crucial segment of web creation, focusing on servers, databases, and application logic. Key elements include:1. Server Management: Setting up and maintaining the site's server.2. Database Interaction: Creating and handling databases to store and retrieve data.3. Application Logic: Coding the functions that drive the site's core operations.Mastery of server-side languages like Python, Java, and frameworks such as Express.js is vital. API knowledge is essential for enabling different software parts to interact. Back-end devs also use tools like Git for version control, ensuring smooth workflow and collaboration. This infrastructure allows users to enjoy seamless website experiences.

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The back-end of a website or web application is often referred to as the server-side. It encompasses all the components and processes that make the front-end work, but it remains hidden from the user's view. The back-end code is written in a programming language, such as Python, Ruby, PHP, or Java, and it handles tasks such as Authentication and authorization,Data processing,Business logic and Communication with other services

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Back-end frameworks are software libraries and tools that provide a structured foundation for building web applications. They offer pre-defined functions, components, and architectural patterns to streamline development.For example, Ruby on Rails is a popular framework for Ruby, Django for Python, and Express.js for Node.js. These frameworks simplify tasks like routing, database interactions, and handling HTTP requests.

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Back-end framework are technologies developed to simplify and make development easier by integration of common functionalities, pre-defined functions, routers ....These technologies are based on different programming languages (Java, PHP, JS ...) and can also use derived syntaxes like JSX (derived from JS)

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Don't overthink which database to use. Learn basic SQL first. Then have a look at NoSQL, which will make a lot of sense if you know a Object oriented programming language. Then create something for yourself with whatever database you like. Don't overthink.

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Databases are critical for storing and managing data in web applications. They come in two main types: relational and NoSQL databases.Relational databases, such as MySQL and PostgreSQL, use tables to store structured data with predefined schemas. NoSQL databases like MongoDB are more flexible, allowing for schema-less data storage.Databases are essential for tasks like user profiles, product information, and content management.

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El formato de API más utilizado y extendido es el API RESTful. Gracias a los verbos HTTP: GET, POST, PUT y DELETE podemos hacer todas las operaciones necesarias en los diferentes recursos que la API ofrezca: Obtener, Añadir o Crear, Actualizar y Eliminar.El formato de datos más sencillo y utilizado es JSON (JavaScript Object Notation)

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I will explain it with a simple real-world example:You have a WordPress website and you have some users on your website.you can create an Android app with the help of API and your website users don't have to register on your mobile app again to use your services because the database is the same and users are already registered on the database.

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APIs are a set of rules and protocols that allow different software components to communicate with each other. In the context of back-end development, they enable the front-end of a web application to interact with the back-end.RESTful APIs and GraphQL are common approaches for building web APIs. They define how data can be requested, updated, and manipulated.APIs are the bridge between the front-end and back-end, facilitating data exchange and functionality.

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Back-end skill is not only knowing the programming language, but to know programming patterns and be able to deliver the right business logic.

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User sessions are the heartbeat of personalized web experiences. In my projects, sessions are more than just storing data; they're about creating a narrative for each user's journey. Sessions begin with a login, like opening a book, and each page turned is a new interaction, storing preferences, roles, or cart items. When the user logs out, it's like closing the book, but the story - their session data - remains, ready to be continued.

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Back-end developers require a range of skills to create and maintain the back-end of web applications:Proficiency in any programming languages like Python, Java, Ruby, or JavaScript.Knowledge of server management, deployment, and cloud services.Expertise in database management, including designing and optimizing database schemas.Understanding of security practices, such as user authentication and data encryption.Experience with version control systems like Git for collaboration.

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In todays thriving digital world, we can have multiple solutions to build the required backend system to achieve a cetain business use case. But we should always keep this point in mind that we should choose the back end solution either it is a web server/ database/ API, it should be aligning with the compliance & policies of the business, secured and performance optimized.

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The back-end faces challenges like scalability (serving increasing numbers of users), security (protecting against threats), and data integrity (ensuring accuracy and consistency). Crafting code that’s robust and efficient, while foreseeing potential failures, requires a mix of technical know-how and strategic foresight.

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The biggest difference between backend and frontend is how issues are debugged.On the backend, you cannot just open the browser tab, check it and debug it.In addition, the code will most likely run in a distributed environment on multiple servers, containers etc.This is why careful planning, and design of observability (logging, metrics etc) is critical.By doing so, it will make the debugging experience that much easier and more effective when issues arise in production.

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Back end development is the HEART of any website/software/Application. So perfect functioning of heart is very important for any project. Here I am sharing my experienceSometimes it's crucial and complex to manage the back end development. But with the proper planning, strategy and with the extra care for security, efficiency and for the performance we can manage well. While working with any part of back end make sure to follow perfect coding standard with perfect commenting in code, documentation guidelines as well easy to update and debug. This will makes overall current as well future enhancement/development easy.

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Backend web development involves working with server-side technologies and databases to handle data processing and logic for web applications. Key components include server technologies (Node.js, Python, Ruby, Java, PHP), database management, and the creation of APIs for frontend-backend communication. Developers must also handle authentication, security, performance optimization, and scalability considerations. Testing, logging, monitoring, and documentation are essential for maintaining and troubleshooting backend systems, and deploying code effectively is crucial for production. Collaboration, version control, and CI/CD practices further enhance the development process.

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